Global Health Asia-Pacific May 2020 | Page 60

Medical News Treatment to restore egg quality means hope for older mothers In a new study, a metabolic compound halts the ageing process of eggs in mice R esearchers have increased fertility rates in older female mice with small doses of a metabolic compound that reverses the ageing process of eggs, offering hope for some women struggling to conceive. Poor egg quality has become the single biggest challenge facing human fertility in developed countries. It’s also a growing issue, as more women choose to save pregnancy for later in life. 58 MAY 2020 In Australia, where the study was carried out, one in four women who undergo IVF treatment are aged 40 or older. The University of Queensland study found that a non-invasive treatment could maintain or restore the quality and number of eggs and alleviate the biggest barrier to pregnancy for older women. A team led by Dr Hayden Homer from the university’s Centre for Clinical Research found that the loss of egg quality through ageing was due to lower levels of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD, molecule in cells critical for generating energy. “Quality eggs are essential for pregnancy success because they provide virtually all the building blocks required by an embryo,” he explained at the launch of the study. “We investigated whether the reproductive ageing process could be reversed by an oral dose of a ‘precursor’ compound used by cells to create the molecule.” Professor Homer said fertility in mice starts to decline from around one year of age due to defects in egg quality similar to changes observed in human eggs from older women. “We treated the mice with low doses of the precursor in their drinking water over four weeks, and we were able to dramatically restore egg quality and increase live births during a breeding trial,” he said. Since IVF cannot improve egg quality, the only alternative for older women at present is to use eggs donated by younger women. The latest findings suggest, though, there is an opportunity to restore egg quality and reproductive function using orally administered NAD-boosting agents, which would be far less invasive than IVF. Although promising, the potential benefits of these agents remain to be tested in clinical trials. “There’s no truth in the belief that children will be harmed if more older mothers have babies. They might not be able to keep up with physical demands, but people are living longer and a 50-year-old mother can expect to stay around at least until her child is in their thirties,” Dr Homer told Global Health Asia-Pacific. “And while older mothers do have higher risk of complications, especially if they have pre-existing conditions, like diabetes or higher blood pressure, most of them won’t experience this. About 80 percent of women over 45 have no major medical problems during pregnancy and more than that give birth at full term.” GlobalHealthAndTravel.com C M Y CM MY CY CMY K