Global Health Asia-Pacific May 2020 | Page 46

Holistic Health Occupational sitting less harmful to heart than sitting at home Scientists are learning more about the cardiovascular risks of a desk job I t’s been commonly known that people with lifetime desk jobs show higher rates of heart disease and related death compared to more active colleagues. But now evidence is starting to show that a desk-bound lifestyle, while not optimal, is still not as dangerous as one anchored to the couch at home. Empirical evidence showing the health effects of occupational sitting dates back to 1953, when a study of workers in the London public transport sector showed that drivers who sat for most of their working lives were more likely to suffer a heart attack than their more active colleagues working as conductors. These early results, suggesting an association between occupational sitting and cardiovascular disorders, have also been supported by more recent research, although the evidence is mixed. That’s because while studies from the last decade have even suggested a reduced risk of heart failure in those with sitting occupations compared with those whose jobs have moderate and high physical activity, other research has found the opposite. But a new study published in the Journal of the 44 MAY 2020 American Heart Association has some encouraging findings for the desk-bound. Sitting at work, it says, may not be as bad for the heart and lifespan as sitting and watching television during your free time. After adjusting for health and lifestyle factors, the researchers found that “often or always” sitting at work was not associated with a heightened risk of death and heart disease. But those watching four or more hours of television per day had a 50 percent higher risk of heart issues and death, compared to those watching two hours or less per day. Demographic factors did play a part in the study, though, namely with regards to the type of person who has a desk job versus a more active job. Compared to those who rarely sat at work, people in the study with sedentary jobs were more likely to exercise outside the office regularly, have a high school degree, make more money, and eat a healthy diet. They were also less likely to drink heavily and smoke. Exercise outside of work is nearly always good for health, so people who spend much of their free time watching television probably do so at the expense of exercising. Doing more exercise can mediate some of the harmful effects of a sedentary lifestyle. In the new study, for example, those who got at least 150 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity per week had a lower risk of health problems, even if they also watched a lot of TV. A separate recent study also found that replacing just 30 minutes of daily sitting with any other activity reduced mortality risk by 17 percent. The new study adds to the body of work, but for now, evidence for the health effects of occupational sitting exposure is not as strong as that for overall sedentary behaviour, according to Dr Leon Straker, a professor of physiotherapy and exercise science at Curtin University. “Notably, few studies have captured occupational sitting exposure objectively,” he told Global Health Asia-Pacific. “It’s generally been assessed through categorical measures of occupational activity, such as comparing ‘mostly sitting’ occupations to ‘mostly standing’ or ‘heavy physical labour’ ones,” he added. Dr Straker also noted that few studies had quantified the number of hours or proportion of work time spent sitting, so the lack of evidence of an association between occupational sitting exposure and various outcomes might be due to lack of precision in measuring occupational exposure. A separate recent study also found that replacing just 30 minutes of daily sitting with any other activity reduced mortality risk by 17 percent GlobalHealthAndTravel.com