Global Health Asia-Pacific March 2020 | Page 54

Cover Story Lab Technician Fertilizing Egg Being a powerful example of advanced genetic engineering, it’s no surprise the procedure has gained both admirers and detractors 52 MARCH 2020 nucleus has been previously destroyed and which is then fertilised by inserting the father’s sperm into it. While in pronuclear transfer, both the mother’s and the donor’s eggs are fertilised through standard IVF, with the replacement happening between the two fertilised nuclei. In both instances, the resulting embryo will carry the parents’ nuclear DNAs coupled with the donor’s mitochondrial DNA, effectively having genetic information from three individuals. Being a powerful example of advanced genetic engineering, it’s no surprise the procedure has gained both admirers and detractors. “Mitochondrial donation is a highly innovative process that gives couples affected by mitochondrial conditions more choice about how they can go about starting a family,” Liz Curtis, who lost a child to mitochondrial disease and has created The Lily Foundation in the UK to support other families affected by it, told Global Health Asia-Pacific. “Our charity fully supports that.” Critics caution, however, that it’s too early to fully understand both the efficacy and risks involved in the procedure. “The technique exposes children to an experiment that we don’t know if it’s going to work,” Dr David Keefe, a fertility expert at NYU Langone Health, said in an interview with Global Health Asia-Pacific. How do mitochondria cause problems? Since mitochondria have their own DNA, any of their genetic mutations can be passed down to newborns in the same way parents’ faulty genes in the cellular nuclei are replicated in their offspring during the process of fertilisation. While babies receive their nuclear genes from both GlobalHealthAndTravel.com