Global Health Asia-Pacific March 2020 | Page 18

You Ask, They Answer Q A : In which circumstances should a woman consider the contraceptive pill. using an alternative to the pill? For those who cannot or do not wish to use oral : The typical failure rate of the contraceptive pill is nine contraception, other options are available, including condoms, percent, so a woman may want to opt for alternative which carry an 18 percent risk of not working over a year. For methods with lower failure rates or look for one that is easier women wanting a long-term, clinical solution, an intrauterine to use and does not need daily pill-taking. device, or IUD, is long-lasting and almost completely effective In some cases, she might be experiencing significant side in preventing pregnancy, though they can have mild side effects related to taking the pill. These can include a range effects. Alternatively, a contraceptive implant is similarly of symptoms, from headaches and nausea to mood changes, effective, while a hormone injection has a better success rate decreased libido, weight gain, and intermenstrual spotting. than the pill but is less long-lived. People with certain risk factors may be advised not to use : What long-term contraception is the pill. For instance, the pills can increase the risk available? of cardiovascular problems, such as blood clots, deep People with : Long-acting reversible contraception is a vein thrombosis, stroke, or heart attack. Accordingly, certain risk method that does not depend on a woman they should not be taken by anyone who has had factors may be advised not to remembering to take or use it to be effective. It these conditions before. use the pill is also highly effective at preventing pregnancy. Birth control pills are also associated with an Among them, contraceptive implants can last three increase in blood pressure, benign liver tumours, and years, are 99 percent effective against pregnancies, some types of cancer. and can be removed at any time. IUDs and their cousin, a : What factors should be considered when deciding intrauterine system, also offer a similar success rate, but can on the right form of contraception? last for 5-10 years. The contraceptive injection boasts lower : There is a wide range of factors to inform a woman’s efficacy with typical use and lasts for 8-13 weeks, depending on choice, not least her own preference. Women with co- which drug is used. existing medical conditions, like obesity, cardiovascular disease, severe migraines, and long-term diabetes, will likely Dr John Teo be advised to seek an alternative. The same goes for women Dr John Teo is a Medical Committee member of the who are pregnant, smokers or recent quitters over the age of Federation of Reproductive Health Associations, Malaysia 35, and those taking certain medications. Anyone who has had (FRHAM). breast cancer, or diabetes for at least 20 years, should not use Q A Q A 16 MARCH 2020 GlobalHealthAndTravel.com